导读 Over 聚合定义(支持 Batch\Streaming):可以理解为是一种特殊的滑动窗口聚合函数。那这里我们拿 Over 聚合​ 与 窗口聚合 做一个对比,其之间的最大不同之处在于:窗口聚合:不在 group by 中的字段,不能直接在 select 中拿到;Over 聚合:能够保留原始字段.在生产环境中,Over 聚合的使用场景还是比较少的。在 Hive 中也有相同的聚合,但是小伙伴萌可以想想你在离线数仓经常使用嘛?

应用场景:计算最近一段滑动窗口的聚合结果数据。
实际案例:查询每个产品最近一小时订单的金额总和:

SELECT order_id, order_time, amount,
  SUM(amount) OVER (
    PARTITION BY product
    ORDER BY order_time
    RANGE BETWEEN INTERVAL '1' HOUR PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
  ) AS one_hour_prod_amount_sum
FROM Orders

Over 聚合的语法总结如下:

SELECT
  agg_func(agg_col) OVER (
    [PARTITION BY col1[, col2, ...]]
    ORDER BY time_col
    range_definition),
  ...
FROM ...

其中:

  • ORDER BY:必须是时间戳列(事件时间、处理时间)
  • PARTITION BY:标识了聚合窗口的聚合粒度,如上述案例是按照 product 进行聚合
  • range_definition:这个标识聚合窗口的聚合数据范围,在 Flink 中有两种指定数据范围的方式。第一种为按照行数聚合​,第二种为按照时间区间聚合。
  • 如下案例所示:

    时间区间聚合

    按照时间区间聚合就是时间区间的一个滑动窗口,比如下面案例 1 小时的区间,最新输出的一条数据的 sum 聚合结果就是最近一小时数据的 amount 之和。

    CREATE TABLE source_table (
        order_id BIGINT,
        product BIGINT,
        amount BIGINT,
        order_time as cast(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP as TIMESTAMP(3)),
        WATERMARK FOR order_time AS order_time - INTERVAL '0.001' SECOND
    ) WITH (
      'connector' = 'datagen',
      'rows-per-second' = '1',
      'fields.order_id.min' = '1',
      'fields.order_id.max' = '2',
      'fields.amount.min' = '1',
      'fields.amount.max' = '10',
      'fields.product.min' = '1',
      'fields.product.max' = '2'
    );
    
    CREATE TABLE sink_table (
        product BIGINT,
        order_time TIMESTAMP(3),
        amount BIGINT,
        one_hour_prod_amount_sum BIGINT
    ) WITH (
      'connector' = 'print'
    );
    
    INSERT INTO sink_table
    SELECT product, order_time, amount,
      SUM(amount) OVER (
        PARTITION BY product
        ORDER BY order_time
        -- 标识统计范围是一个 product 的最近 1 小时的数据
        RANGE BETWEEN INTERVAL '1' HOUR PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
      ) AS one_hour_prod_amount_sum
    FROM source_table

    结果如下:

    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:26.583, 7, 73]
    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:27.583, 7, 80]
    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:28.583, 4, 84]
    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:29.584, 7, 91]
    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:30.583, 8, 99]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:08:31.583, 9, 138]
    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:32.584, 6, 105]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:08:33.584, 7, 145]
    行数聚合

    按照行数聚合就是数据行数的一个滑动窗口,比如下面案例,最新输出的一条数据的 sum 聚合结果就是最近 5 行数据的 amount 之和。

    CREATE TABLE source_table (
        order_id BIGINT,
        product BIGINT,
        amount BIGINT,
        order_time as cast(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP as TIMESTAMP(3)),
        WATERMARK FOR order_time AS order_time - INTERVAL '0.001' SECOND
    ) WITH (
      'connector' = 'datagen',
      'rows-per-second' = '1',
      'fields.order_id.min' = '1',
      'fields.order_id.max' = '2',
      'fields.amount.min' = '1',
      'fields.amount.max' = '2',
      'fields.product.min' = '1',
      'fields.product.max' = '2'
    );
    
    CREATE TABLE sink_table (
        product BIGINT,
        order_time TIMESTAMP(3),
        amount BIGINT,
        one_hour_prod_amount_sum BIGINT
    ) WITH (
      'connector' = 'print'
    );
    
    INSERT INTO sink_table
    SELECT product, order_time, amount,
      SUM(amount) OVER (
        PARTITION BY product
        ORDER BY order_time
        -- 标识统计范围是一个 product 的最近 5 行数据
        ROWS BETWEEN 5 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
      ) AS one_hour_prod_amount_sum
    FROM source_table

    预跑结果如下:

    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:18:19.147, 1, 9]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:20.147, 2, 11]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:21.147, 2, 12]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:22.147, 2, 12]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:23.148, 2, 12]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:24.147, 1, 11]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:25.146, 1, 10]
    +I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:26.147, 1, 9]
    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:18:27.145, 2, 11]
    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:18:28.148, 1, 10]
    +I[2, 2021-12-24T22:18:29.145, 2, 10]

    当然,如果你在一个 SELECT 中有多个聚合窗口的聚合方式,Flink SQL 支持了一种简化写法,如下案例:

    SELECT order_id, order_time, amount,
      SUM(amount) OVER w AS sum_amount,
      AVG(amount) OVER w AS avg_amount
    FROM Orders
    -- 使用下面子句,定义 Over Window
    WINDOW w AS (
      PARTITION BY product
      ORDER BY order_time
      RANGE BETWEEN INTERVAL '1' HOUR PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)

    原文来自:

    本文地址://q13zd.cn/flink-sql-over.html编辑:王婷,审核员:清蒸github

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