导读 | prometheus一般都是采用pull方式获取数据,但是有一些情况下,不方便配置exporter,就希望能通过push的方式上传指标数据。 |
prometheus一般都是采用pull方式获取数据,但是有一些情况下,不方便配置exporter,就希望能通过push的方式上传指标数据。
1、可以采用pushgateway的方式,推送到pushgateway,然后prometheus通过pushgateway拉取数据。
2、在新版本中增加了一个参数:--enable-feature=remote-write-receiver,允许远程通过接口/api/v1/write,直接写数据到prometheus里面。
pushgateway在高并发的情况下还是比较消耗资源的,特别是开启一致性检查,高并发写入的时候特别慢。
第二种方式少了一层转发,速度应该比较快。
可以通过prometheus的http接口/api/v1/write提交数据,这个接口的数据格式有有要求:
使用POST方式提交
需要经过protobuf编码,依赖github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto
可以使用snappy进行压缩,依赖github.com/golang/snappy
收集指标名称,时间戳,值和标签
将数据转换成prometheus需要的数据格式
使用proto对数据进行编码,并用snappy进行压缩
通过httpClient提交数据
package prome import ( "bufio" "bytes" "context" "io" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "net/url" "regexp" "time" "github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto" "github.com/golang/snappy" "github.com/opentracing-contrib/go-stdlib/nethttp" opentracing "github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go" "github.com/pkg/errors" "github.com/prometheus/common/model" "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pkg/labels" "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb" ) type RecoverableError struct { error } type HttpClient struct { url *url.URL Client *http.Client timeout time.Duration } var MetricNameRE = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z_:][a-zA-Z0-9_:]*$`) type MetricPoint struct { Metric string `json:"metric"` // 指标名称 TagsMap map[string]string `json:"tags"` // 数据标签 Time int64 `json:"time"` // 时间戳,单位是秒 Value float64 `json:"value"` // 内部字段,最终转换之后的float64数值 } func (c *HttpClient) remoteWritePost(req []byte) error { httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", c.url.String(), bytes.NewReader(req)) if err != nil { return err } httpReq.Header.Add("Content-Encoding", "snappy") httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf") httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", "opcai") httpReq.Header.Set("X-Prometheus-Remote-Write-Version", "0.1.0") ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), c.timeout) defer cancel() httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx) if parentSpan := opentracing.SpanFromContext(ctx); parentSpan != nil { var ht *nethttp.Tracer httpReq, ht = nethttp.TraceRequest( parentSpan.Tracer(), httpReq, nethttp.OperationName("Remote Store"), nethttp.ClientTrace(false), ) defer ht.Finish() } httpResp, err := c.Client.Do(httpReq) if err != nil { // Errors from Client.Do are from (for example) network errors, so are // recoverable. return RecoverableError{err} } defer func() { io.Copy(ioutil.Discard, httpResp.Body) httpResp.Body.Close() }() if httpResp.StatusCode/100 != 2 { scanner := bufio.NewScanner(io.LimitReader(httpResp.Body, 512)) line := "" if scanner.Scan() { line = scanner.Text() } err = errors.Errorf("server returned HTTP status %s: %s", httpResp.Status, line) } if httpResp.StatusCode/100 == 5 { return RecoverableError{err} } return err } func buildWriteRequest(samples []*prompb.TimeSeries) ([]byte, error) { req := &prompb.WriteRequest{ Timeseries: samples, } data, err := proto.Marshal(req) if err != nil { return nil, err } compressed := snappy.Encode(nil, data) return compressed, nil } type sample struct { labels labels.Labels t int64 v float64 } const ( LABEL_NAME = "__name__" ) func convertOne(item *MetricPoint) (*prompb.TimeSeries, error) { pt := prompb.TimeSeries{} pt.Samples = []prompb.Sample{{}} s := sample{} s.t = item.Time s.v = item.Value // name if !MetricNameRE.MatchString(item.Metric) { return &pt, errors.New("invalid metrics name") } nameLs := labels.Label{ Name: LABEL_NAME, Value: item.Metric, } s.labels = append(s.labels, nameLs) for k, v := range item.TagsMap { if model.LabelNameRE.MatchString(k) { ls := labels.Label{ Name: k, Value: v, } s.labels = append(s.labels, ls) } } pt.Labels = labelsToLabelsProto(s.labels, pt.Labels) // 时间赋值问题,使用毫秒时间戳 tsMs := time.Unix(s.t, 0).UnixNano() / 1e6 pt.Samples[0].Timestamp = tsMs pt.Samples[0].Value = s.v return &pt, nil } func labelsToLabelsProto(labels labels.Labels, buf []*prompb.Label) []*prompb.Label { result := buf[:0] if cap(buf) < len(labels) { result = make([]*prompb.Label, 0, len(labels)) } for _, l := range labels { result = append(result, &prompb.Label{ Name: l.Name, Value: l.Value, }) } return result } func (c *HttpClient) RemoteWrite(items []MetricPoint) (err error) { if len(items) == 0 { return } ts := make([]*prompb.TimeSeries, len(items)) for i := range items { ts[i], err = convertOne(&items[i]) if err != nil { return } } data, err := buildWriteRequest(ts) if err != nil { return } err = c.remoteWritePost(data) return } func NewClient(ur string, timeout time.Duration) (c *HttpClient, err error) { u, err := url.Parse(ur) if err != nil { return } c = &HttpClient{ url: u, Client: &http.Client{}, timeout: timeout, } return }
prometheus启动的时候记得加参数--enable-feature=remote-write-receiver
package prome import ( "testing" "time" ) func TestRemoteWrite(t *testing.T) { c, err := NewClient("//localhost:9090/api/v1/write", 10*time.Second) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } metrics := []MetricPoint{ {Metric: "opcai1", TagsMap: map[string]string{"env": "testing", "op": "opcai"}, Time: time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Minute).Unix(), Value: 1}, {Metric: "opcai2", TagsMap: map[string]string{"env": "testing", "op": "opcai"}, Time: time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Minute).Unix(), Value: 2}, {Metric: "opcai3", TagsMap: map[string]string{"env": "testing", "op": "opcai"}, Time: time.Now().Unix(), Value: 3}, {Metric: "opcai4", TagsMap: map[string]string{"env": "testing", "op": "opcai"}, Time: time.Now().Unix(), Value: 4}, } err = c.RemoteWrite(metrics) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } t.Log("end...") }
使用go test进行测试
go test -v
这个方法也是在看夜莺v5的代码的时候发现的,刚好有需要统一收集redis的监控指标,刚好可以用上,之前用pushgateway写的实在是慢。
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