路由器静态路由配置

学校有新旧两个校区，每个校区是一个独立的局域网，为了使新旧校区能够正常相互通讯，共享资源。每个校区出口利用一台路由器进行连接，两台路由器间学校申请了一条 2M的 DDN 专线进行相连，要求做适当配置实现两个校区的正常相互访问。

技术原理

路由器属于网络层设备，能够根据 IP 包头的信息，选择一条最佳路径，将数据包转发出去。实现不同网段的主机之间的互相访问。路由器是根据路由表进行选路和转发的。而路由表里就是由一条条路由信息组成。
生成路由表主要有两种方法：手工配置和动态配置，即静态路由协议配置和动态路由协议配置。
静态路由是指有网络管理员手工配置的路由信息。
静态路由除了具有简单、高效、可靠的优点外，它的另一个好处是网络安全保密性高。
缺省路由可以看做是静态路由的一种特殊情况。当数据在查找路由表时，没有找到和目标相匹配的路由表项时，为数据指定路由。

实验步骤

新建 packet tracer 拓扑图

（1）在路由器 R1、R2 上配置接口的 IP 地址和 R1 串口上的时钟频率
（2）查看路由器生成的直连路由
（3）在路由器 R1、R2 上配置静态路由
（4）验证 R1、R2 上的静态路由配置
（5）将 PC1、PC2 主机默认网关分别设置为路由器接口 fa 1/0 的 IP 地址
（6）PC1、PC2 主机之间可以相互通信

实验设备

pc 2 台；Router-PT 可扩展路由 2 台（Router_2811 无 V.35 线接口）；Switch_2960 2 台；
DCE 串口线；直连线；交叉线

PC1
IP: 192.168.1.2
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1

PC2
IP: 192.168.2.2
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.2.1

R1
en
conf t
hostname R1
int fa 1/0
no shut
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
exit
int serial 2/0
no shut
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000 #必须配置时钟速率才可通信，单位为bps，bps比特率是指每秒传送的比特(bit)数。单位为 bps(Bit Per Second)，比特率越高，每秒传送数据就越多。
end

R2
en
conf t
hostname R2
int fa 1/0
no shut

ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
exit
int serial 2/0
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
end

R1
en
conf t
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
end
show ip route

R2
en
conf t
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
end
show ip route

实战演练

配置路由器

R1

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no


Press RETURN to get started!

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#int fa 1/0
R1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

R2

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no


Press RETURN to get started!


Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#int fa 1/0
R2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int serial 2/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R2#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

R2#


添加路由

R1

R1>en
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#


R2

R2>en
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R2(config)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0

R2#

测试

PC1 ping PC2

PC>ipconfig

IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1

PC>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 25ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 26ms

PC>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=33ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 28ms, Maximum = 33ms, Average = 29ms

PC2 ping PC1

PC>ipconfig

IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1

PC>ping 192.168.1.2

Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=26ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 24ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 26ms

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路由器静态路由配置

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