导读 mongoDB 3.0 访问控制改了很多，需要你老老实实的去看文档去验证，谷歌百度出来的多半就是错误的。 还需要注意这个参数authenticationMechanisms。

为了兼用2.6版本，我直接指定下面的参数：

setParameter:
  authenticationMechanisms: MONGODB-CR

下面看看如何创建访问控制权限

不使用 —auth 参数，启动 mongoDB

mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongod -f mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/mongodb.conf

此时你 show dbs 会看到只有一个local数据库，那个所谓的admin是不存在的。

mongoDB 没有超级无敌用户root，只有能管理用户的用户 userAdminAnyDatabase。

添加管理用户
use admin
db.createUser(
  {
    user: "buru",
    pwd: "12345678",
    roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
  }
)

roles 中的 db 参数是必须的，不然会报错：Error: couldn’t add user: Missing expected field “db”。另外，有很多文章记录的是使用 db.addUser(…) 方法，这个方法是旧版的，3.0中已经不存在，详见：//docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/js-user-management。

切换到admin下，查看刚才创建的用户：

show users
或
db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.buru", "user" : "buru", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "gwVwuA/dXvxgSHavEnlyvA==", "storedKey" : "l2QEVTEujpkCuqDEKqfIWbSv4ms=", "serverKey" : "M1ofNKXg2sNCsFrBJbX4pXbSgvg=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }

怎么关闭 mongoDB？千万不要 kill -9 pid，可以 kill -2 pid 或 db.shutdownServer()

下面使用 —auth 参 数，重新启动 mongoDB：

mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongod --auth -f mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/mongodb.conf

mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongo
use admin
db.auth("buru","12345678") #认证，返回1表示成功
或
mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongo -u buru -p 12345678 --authenticationDatabase admin

此时 show collections 报错

2015-03-17T10:15:56.011+0800 E QUERY    Error: listCollections failed: {
  "ok" : 0,
  "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listCollections: 1.0 }",
  "code" : 13
}
  at Error (<anonymous>)
  at DB._getCollectionInfosCommand (src/mongo//db.js:643:15)
  at DB.getCollectionInfos (src/mongo/shell/db.js:655:20)
  at DB.getCollectionNames (src/mongo/shell/db.js:666:17)
  at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:625:12)
  at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
  at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/db.js:643

因为，用户buru只有用户管理的权限。

下面创建用户，用户都跟着库走，创建的用户都是

use tianhe
db.createUser(
 {
   user: "bao",
   pwd: "12345678",
   roles: [
      { role: "readWrite", db: "tianhe" },
      { role: "read", db: "tianhe2" }
   ]
 }
)

查看刚刚创建的用户。

show users

{
  "_id" : "tianhe.bao",
  "user" : "bao",
  "db" : "tianhe",
  "roles" : [
    {
      "role" : "readWrite",
      "db" : "tianhe"
    },
    {
      "role" : "read",
      "db" : "tianhe2"
    }
  ]
}

查看整个mongoDB全部的用户：

use admin
db.system.users.find()

{ "_id" : "admin.buru", "user" : "buru", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "gwVwuA/dXvxgSHavEnlyvA==", "storedKey" : "l2QEVTEujpkCuqDEKqfIWbSv4ms=", "serverKey" : "M1ofNKXg2sNCsFrBJbX4pXbSgvg=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
{ "_id" : "tianhe.bao", "user" : "bao", "db" : "tianhe", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "//xy1V1fbqEHC1gzQqZHGQ==", "storedKey" : "ZS/o54zzl/FdcXLQJ98KdAVTfF0=", "serverKey" : "iIpNYz2Gk8KhyK3zgz6muBt0PI4=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "tianhe" }, { "role" : "read", "db" : "tianhe2" } ] }

创建完毕，验证一下：

use buru
show collections

2015-03-17T10:30:06.461+0800 E QUERY    Error: listCollections failed: {
  "ok" : 0,
  "errmsg" : "not authorized on buru to execute command { listCollections: 1.0 }",
  "code" : 13
}
  at Error (<anonymous>)
  at DB._getCollectionInfosCommand (src/mongo/shell/db.js:643:15)
  at DB.getCollectionInfos (src/mongo/shell/db.js:655:20)
  at DB.getCollectionNames (src/mongo/shell/db.js:666:17)
  at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:625:12)
  at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
  at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/db.js:643

显然没权限，先auth：

db.auth("bao","12345678")

show collections
news
system.indexes
wahaha
参考

Mongo Shell：//docs.mongodb.org/v2.2/tutorial/getting-started-with-the-mongo-shell
Enable Access Control：//docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/enable-authentication
Add a User to a Database：//docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/add-user-to-database
User Methods：//docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/js-user-management
 Role Methods：//docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/js-role-managementmongodb 3.0 authentication：//ibruce.info/2015/03/03/mongodb3-auth/

原文来自：

本文地址：//q13zd.cn/mongodb-security-access-control.html编辑：杨鹏飞，审核员：岳国帅

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